What is troxerutin?

Troxerutin is a flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is more accurately a hydroxyethylrutoside. It can be isolated from Sophora japonica, the Japanese pagoda tree.

It is used as a vasoprotective.
Troxerutin has been shown in mice to reverse CNS insulin resistance and reduce reactive oxygen species induced by a high-cholesterol diet.

Troxerutin is a derivative of the natural bioflavonoid rutin. Troxerutin is found in many plants, and can be easily extracted from Sophora japonica (Japanese pagoda tree). Troxerutin is an antioxidant and has beneficial effects on venous health. Troxerutin is used in the treatment of varicose veins and hemorrhoids.

What can troxerutin do?
Brain cell protection
Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse brain against d-galactose-induced impairment of cholinergic system.
Previous evidence showed that administration of d-galactose (d-gal) increased ROS production and resulted in impairment of cholinergic system. Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of troxerutin against d-gal-induced impairment of cholinergic system, and explored the potential mechanism of its action. Our results displayed that troxerutin administration significantly improved behavioral performance of d-gal-treated mice in step-through test and morris water maze task. One of the potential mechanisms of this action was decreased AGEs, ROS and protein carbonyl levels in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Furthermore, our results also showed that troxerutin significantly inhibited cholinesterase (AchE) activity, increased the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (nAchRalpha7) and enhanced interactions between nAchRalpha7 and either postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice, which could help restore impairment of brain function.

Troxerutin for ear disorder
Aescin and troxerutin as a successful combination for the treatment of inner ear perfusion disturbances.
A fixed combination of aescin and troxerutin has been developed for treating inner ear perfusion problems of different etiology. The efficacy of this combination is tested versus pentoxyfyllin in a randomized clinical study as group comparison with 34 patients for each group. The improvement of hearing after 40-44 days of treatment is determined as end point of treatment. Hearing was measured by threshold, whereby a difference of more than 10dB is judged as a significant improvement. After the treatment with the combination of aescin and troxerutin hearing is significantly improved, in 23 of 34 patients the threshold is changed more than 10dB. With pentoxyfyllin hearing is also improved, although to a lesser degree. Both drugs are well tolerated, major adverse drug effects are not observed with either treatment.

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